Envis Centre, Ministry of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India

Printed Date: Friday, March 29, 2024

Industry

 

 

Department: In Kerala,the department of industies and commerce is headed by a Principal Secretary to Government. This department is responsible for promoting/ sponsoring, registering, financing and advising industries in the state. The department and its agencies also guide the entrepreneurs in the selection of appropriate industrial ranges in the private, public, joint and co-operative sectors. Directorates of industries and Commerce, Handloom and Textiles, Coir Development, Mining and Geology and 72 Public Sector undertakings fall under this department. Visit Kerala's position is 12th in the industrial ranking among the major 16 States in India . It was reported that about 22.5 % of the total income of the State came from the secondary sector during 1980-81, which was only 17% during 1970-71. The industrial sector of Kerala employed 15% of the total workers against the national average of 9%.

 

Industrial Growth Centres:As per scheme announced by the Central Government, Government of Kerala has entrusted Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd (KSIDC) for developing and managing Industrial Growth Centres in various locations in the state. Accordingly KSIDC has acquired /purchased land at four industrially backward locations in the following districts:

 1.Kannur  - Valiyavelicham (Kuthupramba)

2.Kozhikode - Kinalur (Balusserry)

3.Malappuram - Panakkad (Malappuram)

4.Alappuzha - Pallippuram (Cherthala)


 

             The Industrial Growth Centres at the above locations are under various stages of development and basic infrastructural facilities such as road, water, power, telecommunication etc are already put in place. Steps are being taken to improve the facilities further.Industrial plots are available at these Growth Centres and entrepreneurs can get the same for setting up industrial units, on long lease for a period of ninety years. The units coming up in the IGC are supported by Single Window Clearance Mechanism of State Govt.

 

Major Industrial Locations: Most of the industrial and commercial establishments in Kerala are concentrated in the coastal zone.Among the coastal districts, Ernakulam and Trivandrum have fairly large number of industries along the coast, followed by Alappuzha, Kollam, Kozhikode , Kannur, Kasargod and Malapuram. Eloor- Edayar- Ambalamugal area is the major industrial area located in the coastal zone in the city of Kochi in Ernakulam District along the banks of the Cochin backwaters.

 

Major Industries such as

  • Fertilizer and Chemicals Travancore Ltd.(FACT)
  • Kochi Refineries Ltd.(KRL)
  • Hindustan Organic Chemicals (HOC)
  •  Cominco Binani and Cochin Shipyard are located in Kochi availing the advantage of the port facilities.

          The world famous Chavara placer deposits of the Kollam district support three major mineral industries in Kerala viz.

  • The Indian Rare Earths Ltd. (IRE) 
  • Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd.(KMML) at Chavara (Kollam)
  • The Travancore Titanium Products (TTP) at Veli (Trivandrum).

 

            These units are situated closer to the sea. The Excel Glass factory situated near Cherthala utilizes the silica sands of the coastal zone of Alappuzha district for the manufacture of glass. Most of the seafood and coir industries in Kerala are located in the coastal area and are concentrated in Alappuzha district. There are 101 seafood factories in the coastal zone with a freezing capacity of approximately 1868 t /day, of which 47 are approved by the European Union. Besides, there are 210 peeling sheds and 217 ice plants. Cashew processing industries, a traditional enterprise in the state are mainly situated in the coastal area of Kollam district.There are about 300 large and medium scale industries and 1,66,000 small scale industries, most of them are located in the coastal area (KSPCB, 20002). Of these 250 large and medium scale industries and 5000 small scale industries are polluting significantly to the environment.   

 

District-wise break up of Medium and Large Scale Industries in Kerala as on 31-03-2007

 

Map of Kerala showing important Fishing Harbors & Ports.  

 

Industrial sector in Kerala

 

                        Industrial sector in Kerala comprises medium and large industries, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) and traditional industries. The departments/agencies that deal with medium and large industries are Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd (KSIDC), Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (KINFRA), Public Sector Restructuring and Internal Audit Board (RIAB), Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE) and Centre for Management Development (CMD). The agencies dealing with MSME and traditional industries are Department of Industries and Commerce, Directorate of Hand loom and Textiles, Directorate of Coir Development, Khadi and Village Industries Board and Capex. Department of Mining and Geology also comes under this sector.

 

 

 Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

 

                     Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) play a significant role in the economic development of a country. MSMEs are strong drivers of employment generation and economic development in India. The Government of Kerala assigns priority to the sector realising its potential to generate employment, and thereby contribute to economic growth. In addition, the sector can add to export growth. The sector plays a critical role in promoting innovation and ensuring sustainable development, equitable growth, and the utilisation of natural resources.

 

                    The 73rd round of NSS reported 633.88 lakh unincorporated non-agricultural MSMEs engaged in different activities in India, of which, 31 per cent MSMEs were engaged in manufacturing activities, 32 per cent in trade and 33 per cent in other services (196.65 lakh in manufacturing, 230.35 lakh in trade, 206.85 lakh in other services and 0.03 lakh in non-captive electricity generation and transmission) Excluding those registered under “(a) Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948, (b) Companies Act, 1956 and (c) Construction activities falling under Section F of National Industrial Classification (NIC) 2008.” MSMEs shares about 45 per cent of India’s manufacturing output and contribute more than 40 per cent to country’s exports. About 28 per cent of the GDP is generated by this sector. MSMES provide employment to about 11.1 crore people (3.60 crore in manufacturing, 3.87 crore in trade and 3.62 crore in other services and 0.0007 crore in non-captive electricity generation and transmission) in the rural and urban areas across the country. Out of the 633.88 lakh MSMEs, 324.88 lakh (51 per cent) were in rural areas and 309 lakh MSMEs (49 per cent) were in urban areas.

 

                 As on 1st January 2021, a total number of 65,23,067 entrepreneurs were registered in Udyam Registration online portal as classified, consisting of 21,13,233 enterprises registered under Manufacturing category and 44,09,834 enterprises registered under Service sector (Government of India, 2022). This is the second largest employing sector after Agriculture. The sector is diverse in terms of size, levels of technology employed, and products. Existing classification of MSME units based on investment in plant/machinery/equipment and annual turnover is given below:

 

 Classification of MSMEs       

Composite Criteria: Investment in plant/machinery/equipment and Annual Turnover

Classification

Micro

Small

Medium

Manufacturing Enterprises and enterprises rendering Services

Investment < ₹1 crore

Investment < ₹10 crore

Investment < ₹50 crore

Turn over < ₹5 crore

Turn over < ₹50 crore

Turn over < ₹250 crore

Source: Ministry of MSME, Government of India

 

MSME sector in Kerala                    

 

                    The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector is emerging as a major income generating and employment providing sector in Kerala. At the same time, the level of investment is relatively lower in the sector. As per the MSME Survey and Quick Results of 4th Census, 5.62 cent of MSME enterprises in India are in Kerala. The MSME sector helps in industrialisation of rural and backward areas, and provides employment to youth and socially disadvantaged groups such as SC, ST, women and persons with physical disabilities.

 

                   Within the MSME sector there is a significant increase of micro enterprises, both in terms of working enterprises and employment. The industries coming under this sector are handicrafts, handloom, khadi, food processing industries, garment making and textile industries and industries related to coir/wood/bamboo/Plastic/rubber/leather/clay products. MSMEs produce over 8,000 various MSME products ranging from traditional to high-tech items are manufactured by MSMEs.

 

                  MSMEs are facilitated and supported in the State by the Government and banks. The District Industries Centres (DIC) act as a facilitator for the growth of the MSME and traditional industrial sectors in Kerala. DIC implements various schemes to develop entrepreneurial culture in the State. Industries Department provides financial assistance to start Entrepreneurship Development clubs at school and college level to develop entrepreneurial culture among the youth and to organise entrepreneurship development programmes for them. In addition, the Department has made it a priority to provide services to Start-ups and to set up business incubation centres in District Industries Centres.

 

                The economic growth of Kerala is related to the development of MSMEs. Directorate of Industries and Commerce (DIC) is implementing various schemes to increase production and employment in this sector. The agencies under the Directorate are: Directorate of Handloom and Textiles, which aims at evolving policies for the promotion and development of handloom and textile sector in the State; Directorate of Coir Development is the implementing agency for all policy decisions of the Government of Kerala related to coir industry; Khadi and Village Industries Board is vested with the responsibility of organising and promoting Khadi and Village Industries in the State, and Directorate of Plantation, set up in 2022-23 for the development of the plantation sector in the State.

 

Plan Outlay and Expenditure of Directorate of Industries and Commerce, 2020-21 to 2022-23*, ₹ in lakh  

Sector

2020-21

2021-22

2022-23 (upto 15/11/2022)

Outlay

Exp

Outlay

Exp*

Outlay

Exp

Small Scale Industries

13469.00

10668.00

13894.00

13680.47

20040.00

7932.57

Commerce

1600.00

864.00

1200.00

1193.00

700.00

341.78

Handicrafts

465.00

1208.40

385.00

321.53

350.00

185.90

Total

15479.00

12740.40

15479.00

15195.00

21090.00

8460.25

* as on 15.11.2022
Source: Plan space Kerala

  

Udyog Aadhar Memorandum (UAM) in the State

 

                Kerala has discontinued the practice of filing Entrepreneurs Memorandum Part-II from September 18, 2015, and in its place, started online registration in Udyog Aadhar. As on March 31, 2022, there were, 1,90,517 UAMs filed which include 62,414 manufacturing units and 1,28,103 units in the Service Sector. Manufacturing units comprised of 58,280 micro units, 3,726 small units and 408 medium units. Out of 1,28,103 UAMs in the service sector, micro 1,21,457 are micro, 6,220 small and 426 medium units. The District-wise number of Micro, Small and Medium units registered under manufacturing and service sectors in 2021-22 is given below: 

 

MSME Units with Udyog Aadhar Number as 31.03.2022

 

 

Name of District

Manufacturing

Services

 

Micro

 

Small

 

Medium

 

Total

 

Micro

 

Small

 

Medium

 

Total

 

Grant Total

Thiruvananthapuram

7024

203

21

7248

17720

670

53

18443

25691

Kollam

3821

287

27

4135

7507

435

13

7955

12090

Pathanamthitta

1616

60

7

1683

4165

205

9

4379

6062

Alappuzha

3859

187

14

4060

7478

291

7

7776

11836

Kottayam

3258

242

30

3530

7307

422

27

7756

11286

Idukki

1521

81

7

1609

3273

184

7

3464

5073

Ernakulam

10503

1173

130

11806

19671

1600

142

21413

33219

Trissur

6778

445

51

7274

11894

627

49

12570

19844

Palakkad

4394

273

36

4703

8746

332

20

9098

13801

Malappuram

4328

256

10

4594

8725

387

24

9136

13730

Kozhikode

4628

223

43

4894

10618

516

39

11173

16067

Wayanad

1157

66

5

1228

2827

97

5

2929

4157

Kannur

3383

166

16

3565

8123

319

28

8470

12035

Kasaragod

2010

64

11

2085

3403

135

3

3541

5626

Total

58,200

3,726

408

62,414

1,21,457

6,220

426

1,28,103

1,90,517

Source: Directorate of Industries & Commerce

 

District - wsie details of new MSME units started in Kerala during 2021-22

State / District

No of MSME units started

Total Investment

( Crores)

Employment generated (Nos)

Thiruvananthapuram

1420

98.22

5142

Kollam

1412

134.83

5619

Pathanamthitta

641

50.63

2567

Alappuzha

1112

97.03

3718

Kottayam

1205

66.33

3761

Idukki

515

33.04

1552

Ernakulam

1308

208.91

5936

Trissur

1789

121.15

5200

Palakkad

1413

207.49

5850

Malappuram

1236

198.13

5515

Kozhikode

1455

134.38

4738

Wayanad

284

23.71

895

Kannur

1275

144.15

4781

Kasaragod

220

17.09

959

Total

15,285

1,535.09

56,233

Source: Directorate of Industries & Commerce

 

                 Number of Micro, Small and Medium units registered under Manufacturing and Service Sectors in Kerala, 2021-22

 

Performance of the Sector

 

                     In 2021-22, 15,285 (32 per cent more than the previous year) new MSME units started in the State with an investment of ₹1,535.09 crore (26 per cent more than the previous year), employing 56,233 persons (25 per cent more than the previous year). There is a substantial increase in 2022-23. One lakh new units employing 2,20,285 persons were started up to December 7, 2022. The details of new MSME units for the last five years are given below:

 

Achievement in MSME sector, 2017-18 to 2021-22

 

Year

No. of MSME units

Investment (in ₹ crore)

Employment
(in number)

2017-18

15,468

1,249.61

51,244

2018-19

13,826

1,321.94

49,068

2019-20

13,695

1,338.65

46,081

2020-21

11,540

1,221.86

44,975

2021-22

15,285

1,535.09

56,233

2022-23^

100000

6274.00

2,20,285

Total

169,814

12,941.15

4,67,886

^As on December 7th 2022
Source: Directorate of Industries and Commerce

 

The number of new MSME units and employment provided for the last two years is given below:

 

Number of new Micro, Small & Medium units and employment

created in MSMEs in 2020-21 and 2021-22

 

 

Source: Directorate of Industries and Commerce, Government of Kerala

 

            In 2021-22, the District with the largest numbers of new MSME units was Thrissur (1,789 units) with an investment of ₹121.15 crore, generating 5,200 employment opportunities, followed by Kozhikode (1,455 units) with an investment of ₹134.38 crore generating 4,738 employment opportunities and Palakkad (1,413 units) with an investment of ₹207.49 crore providing employment to 5,850 persons. Kasaragod (220 units) had the lowest number with an investment of 17.09 crore generating employment for 959 persons. The District-wise details of new MSME units started in Kerala in 2021-22 is given below:

 

District-wise details of new MSME units started in Kerala during 2021-22

State / District

No of MSME units started

Total Investment ( Rs.  Crores)

Employment generated (Nos)

Thiruvananthapuram

1420

98.22

5142

Kollam

1412

134.83

5619

Pathanamthitta

641

50.63

2567

Alappuzha

1112

97.03

3718

Kottayam

1205

66.33

3761

Idukki

515

33.04

1552

Ernakulam

1308

208.91

5936

Trissur

1789

121.15

5200

Palakkad

1413

207.49

5850

Malappuram

1236

198.13

5515

Kozhikode

1455

134.38

4738

Wayanad

284

23.71

895

Kannur

1275

144.15

4781

Kasaragod

220

17.09

959

Total

15,285

1,535.09

56,233

Source: Directorate of Industries & Commerce

 

                  In 2020-21, Thrissur was the District with the largest number of new units (1,855 units) generating 6,118 jobs, followed by Palakkad with 1,477 units generating 6,300 jobs and Ernakulam with 1,165 MSME units with 4,729 jobs. Although the number of new units in Kasaragod remains the same, there is an additional investment of ₹1.03 crore and 116 persons employed. Figure 4.4.3 shows District-wise details of new MSME units in the State in 2020-21 and 2021-22.

 

District-wise new MSME units in Kerala in 2020-21 and 2021-22

                            Source: Directorate of Industries and Commerce

 

                       The sector-wise growth of MSME units over the last five years reveals an increase in the number of agro and food-based units from 2,553 in 2017-18 to 4,297 in 2021-22. The number of service related MSME units has increased from 3,679 in 2017-18 to 4,097 in 2021-22. The sub-sector-wise details of MSME units started during the last five years is given below:

 

Sub-sector-wise details of new MSME units started in Kerala

Name of Subsector

2017-18

2018-19

2019-20

2020-21

2021-22

Agro and Food-based

2,553

2712

2,582

3,359

4,297

Textiles and Garments

1,947

1858

1,904

1,276

1,564

General/mechanical/light Engineering

2,001

1533

1,334

959

1,193

Service Activities

3,679

3259

4,036

2,725

4,097

Wood Products

871

644

5,32

436

517

Cement Products

469

329

3,09

233

368

Printing and Allied

392

348

2,80

188

198

Paper Products

163

192

1,88

198

234

Information Technology

316

294

2,40

187

348

Others

3,077

2657

2,290

1,949

2,469

Total

15,468

13,826

13,695

11,540

15,285

Source: Directorate of Industries and commerce

 

                       The top five subsectors together consist of over 85 per cent of the MSME units in the last five years. Agro and food based (28 per cent) units and Service Activities (27 per cent) dominate in MSMEs. Units making plastic containers, gold ornaments, rubber products, handicrafts products are classified as “Others” (16 per cent). Textiles and garments (10 per cent) and General/Mechanical/Light Engineering (8 per cent) are the other two leading subsectors. The share of each subsector is given below:

 

Number of MSME units were started in 2021-22

Source: Directorate of Industries and commerce 

 

Export

 

Cashew:  

 

                 India exports cashews to more than 60 countries. In 2021-22, India exported 53,770 MT (valued ₹3,175.2 crore) as against 49,992 MT (valued ₹2,907 crore) in 2020-21. United Arab Emirates (UAE) continued to be the largest export market for Indian cashews followed by Japan, Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, USA, Spain, Kuwait, Germany, Qatar, Malaysia and Singapore.

 

               The export of cashew kernels from Kerala also increased to 24,299 MT in 2021-22 from 23,368 MT in 2020-21 registering a growth of 4.0 per cent in volume. In 2021-22, Kerala’s share in total export of cashew kernels from India declined marginally to 45.2 per cent in terms of quantity compared to the previous year share of 46.7 per cent. The details are given below:

 

               Export of cashew kernels, Kerala and India, 2015-16 to 2021-22,                                     Quantity in MT, value in ₹ crore

Year

Kerala

India

Share of Kerala (%)

Quantity

Value

Quantity

Value

Quantity

Value

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2015-16

50,652

2,579.5

96,346

4,952.1

52.6

52.1

2016-17

38,054

2,415.3

82,302

5,168.8

46.2

46.7

2017-18

36,930

2,580.4

84,352

5,871.0

43.8

44.0

2018-19

29,062

1,892.6

66,693

4,434.0

43.6

42.7

2019-20

30,478

1,742.5

67,647

3,867.2

45.1

45.1

2020-21

*23,368

NA

49992

2907

46.7

NA

2021-22

*24299

NA

53770

3175.2

45.2

NA

(Source: Cashew Export Promotion Council of India
*Cochin Port Trust)

 

 

                        In 2021-22, the production of raw cashew nuts in Kerala declined to 71,760 MT as against 73,105 MT in 2020-21 recording a negative growth of (-)1.8 per cent. Maharashtra continued to be the major producer of Indian raw cashew nuts with a share of 25.2 per cent followed by Andhra Pradesh (16.9 per cent) and Odisha (16.1 per cent). Out of the total production of raw cashew nuts in India, Kerala’s share was 9.5 per cent in 2021-22. In 2021-22, India exported 21,654 MT of raw cashew nuts worth ₹202.3 crore as compared to 19,832 MT worth ₹199.8 crore in previous year. Kerala did not export raw cashew nuts since 2018-19.

 

Export of Coir and Coir Products

 

                      In 2021-22, India exported coir and coir products of 12,34,855 MT valued ₹4,340.1 crore as against 11,63,213 MT valued ₹3,779 crore in 2020-21. The export of coir and coir products from Kerala through Cochin Port showed a declining trend in 2021-22 compared to the impressive growth of 141per cent in previous year. A total of 2,40,745 MT of coir and coir products were exported through Cochin Port in 2021-22 as against 2,84,065 MT in 2020-21 registering a negative growth of (-)15.3 per cent. Export trend of coir and coir products from India and Kerala is given below:

 

Export trend of coir and coir products from India and Kerala (through Cochin Port), 

2016-17 to 2021-22, quantity in lakh MT


Source: Coir Board and Cochin Port Trust

 

Export of Tea:

 

                  Export of tea from Kerala ports in 2021-22 decreased to 64,854 MT worth ₹1,468.4 crore from 70,398 MT worth ₹1,566 crore in 2020-21 registering a negative growth of (-)7.9 per cent in terms of quantity and (-)6.2 per cent in terms of value is given below:

 

Export of tea from Kerala ports and India, 2016-17 to 2021-22, quantity in MT, ₹ in lakh

Year

Kerala

India

Quantity

Value

Quantity

Value

2016-17

67,431

1,13,935

2,27,634

4,63,250

2017-18

75,741

1,23,294

2,56,572

5,06,488

2018-19

80,683

1,43,440

2,54,502

5,50,684

2019-20

76,983

1,47,082

2,41,344

5,45,710

2020-21

70,398

1,56,595

2,03,791

5,31,153

2021-22

64,854

1,46,841

2,00,785

5,41,577

Source: Tea Board

 

Export of Coffee:

 

                  In 2021-22, a total quantity of 4.14 lakh MT of coffee worth ₹7,655.5 crore was exported from India as against 3.11 lakh MT worth ₹5,449 crore in 2020-21. The export of coffee from Kerala through Cochin port also showed an upward trend with a very impressive growth of 81.8 per cent to 62,069 MT in 2021-22 compared to the growth of 7.5 per cent to 34,134 MT in the previous year.

 

Export of Spices:

 

                  In 2021-22, the export performance of spices from India is not encouraging as compared to 2020-21. The export of spices from Kerala through Cochin and Thiruvananthapuram ports increased to 1,23,723 MT valued ₹5,666.4 crore in 2021-22 as against 1,21,349 MT valued ₹5,006.3 crore in 2020-21 registering a marginal growth of 2.0 per cent in volume and 13.2 per cent in value. The share of Kerala in country’s export of spices and spices products shows a fluctuating trend since 2016-17. In 2021-22, the share of Kerala increased to 8.1 per cent as against 6.9 per cent in 2020-21 in terms of quantity. In terms of value, it marginally increased to 18.5 per cent in 2021-22 from 16.2 per cent in 2020-21 is given below:

 

 Export of spices, India and Kerala, from 2016-17 to 2021-22, quantity in MT and value in ₹ lakh

Year

Kerala

India

Kerala’s share (%)

Quantity

Value

Quantity

Value

Quantity

Value

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2016-17

84,418.8

4,27,120.1

9,47,790

17,81,223.6

8.9

24.0

2017-18

95,455.9

4,15,296.1

10,28,060

17,98,016.2

9.3

23.1

2018-19

89,590.8

3,78,560.4

11,00,250

19,50,581.1

8.1

19.4

2019-20

1,00,195.8

4,05,421.3

12,08,400

22,06,280.0

8.3

18.4

2020-21

1,21,348.9

5,00,633.6

17,58,266

30,96,771

6.9

16.2

2021-22

1,23,723.4

5,66,643.6

15,31,154

30,57,644.3

8.1

18.5

Source: Spices Board

 

                  Kerala’s export of spices and spice products, in quantitative terms, showed an increasing trend since 2019-20. The exports of spices and spice products registered an increase of 11.8 per cent and 21.1 per cent respectively in 2019-20 and 2020-21. In 2021-22, export recorded a marginal growth of 2.0 per cent in volume and a significant growth of 13.2 per cent in value compared to previous year. Figure 5.4.7 depicts the trend in growth of export of spices and spice products from India and Kerala.

 

Trend in growth of export of spices and spice products from India and Kerala, 2017-18 to 2021-22, quantity in per cent

Source: Spices Board

 

                    In 2021-22, the export of individual spices like chilli, cardamom (small), ginger, cumin, celery, fenugreek from Kerala showed an increase both in volume and value as compared to previous year. A total volume of 5,925 MT of cardamom (small) valued ₹815.5 crore was exported from Kerala through Cochin and Thiruvananthapuram ports in 2021-22 as against 3,029.5 MT valued ₹586.3 crore in 2020-21, registering a remarkable growth of 95.6 per cent in volume and 39.1 per cent in value. Export of chilli increased from 29,433.8 MT valued ₹572.8 crore in 2020-21 to 30,365.3 MT valued ₹651.9 crore registering a growth of 3.2 per cent in volume and 13.8 per cent in terms of value. The export of pepper was declined to 17,253.1 MT valued ₹603.2 crore in 2021-22 as against 17,321.1 MT valued ₹491.4 crore in 2020-21 registering a marginal decline of 0.4 per cent in volume and a growth of 22.8 per cent in value.

 

                  In the case of value-added products export of curry powder and mixture showed an increase in volume and value while spice oil and oleo-resins and mint products showed marginal decline in 2021-22 in terms of quantity as compared to 2020-21. Export of curry powder and mixture in 2021-22 was 15,253 MT valued ₹314.8 crore as against 14,517 MT valued ₹313.3 crore in 2020-21 recording an increase of 5.1 per cent in volume and 0.5 per cent in value. A total volume of 10,588 MT of spice oils and oleo-resins valued ₹2,444.7 crore was exported in 2021-22 as against 10,640 MT valued ₹2,210.9 crore of previous year registering a marginal negative growth of (-)0.5 per cent in volume and a growth of 10.6 per cent in value.