Energy Development

  Energy is an essential input for economic development and improving the quality of life. Development of conventional forms of energy for meeting the growing needs of society at a reasonable cost is the responsibility of the Government Development and promotion of non-conventional /alternative/ new and renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind and bio energy etc are getting sustained attention. Nuclear energy development being geared up to contribute significantly to the overall energy availability in the country.

 

                  Universal access to affordable power in a sustainable manner is the guiding principle for the Power sector. Sources of power in India range from conventional sources to viable non-conventional sources. Almost 80 per cent of India’s energy requirements are met by coal, oil, natural gas and solid biomass (Source: International Energy Agency). India’s per capita emission is quite low but in absolute terms, it is the 3rd largest greenhouse gas emitter (country-wise) in the world. Per Capita Electricity Consumption of India in general and Kerala in particular is much below the world average.

 

               India is ranked 63rd in the World Energy Trilemma Index (WETI) 2022, which annually measures the energy system performance of 127 countries based on Energy Security, Energy Equity, Environmental Sustainability and Country Context Dimension. India is one of the countries that occupies the centre stage in the world’s quest for clean energy transition and mitigation of climate change, and ranked 8th as a high-performing country in the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI 2023).

 

Power Sector - Indian Scenario 

 

           The national grid has an installed capacity of 4,03,759 MW as on June 30, 2022. In India, electricity from thermal energy is the dominant source of power. It constitutes nearly 58 per cent of the total installed capacity in the country as on June 30, 2022. Contribution of electricity generation from different sources to the national grid is given in Table 11.2.1. Of late, renewable sources have emerged as the second largest electricity source in the country relegating hydroelectric power to the third position.

 

Installed Capacity (MW) in India 2021-22

 

                     In the sector-wise breakup of total energy generation as given in below as on June 30, 2022, the contribution of the State sector is 1,04,969 MW (25.99 per cent), Central sector 99,005 MW (24.52 per cent) and private sector 1,99,785 MW (49.48 per cent).

 

Installed Capacity (MW) in India 2021-22, Sector-wise

 

Power Sector in Kerala

 

              Kerala is the second best performing State as per NITI Aayog’s State Energy and Climate Index (SECI) published in 2022, which measures the State’s efforts for improving the energy sector. In Kerala, electricity consumption is predominantly in domestic and commercial sector where as in other states, a major portion of the energy consumption is in industry and agriculture. State is meeting approximately 30 per cent of its present requirement from renewable energy sources. Taukte cyclone during the month of May 2021 severely affected the southern and central districts causing damages to electrical installations, disrupting power in most of the places and about 38 lakh consumers were affected throughout the State. Table below shows the details growth of the power system in the State for the last five years.

 

Growth of Power System at a Glance during 2017-22

Particulars	Unit	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22
Installed Capacity	MW	2975.56	3000.35	3063.15	3029.65	3145.82
Maximum Demand	MW	3884	4242	4316	4284	4380.04
Generation per annum	MU	5474.47	7593.12	5722.81	7057.90	9742.29
Annual Sales	MU	21159.19	21750.25	23058.91	22540.30	23983.42
Per capita consumption	kWh	613	626	657	619	676
Export per annum	MU	166.89	1030.20	323.84	633.39	2244.73
Import per annum	MU	18677.46	17982.15	20827.12	18708.40	19156.36
Consumers	Nos (lakh)	122.76	125.52	128.26	131.43	134.22
Street Lights	Nos.	1417639	1422764	1447820	1476776	2301556
E-vehicle Charging stations	Nos.			8	56	219
Total revenue per annum	₹ in crore	12260.00	14002.94	14718.59	15169.39	15664.92
Source: KSEBL

 

Power Availability:

 

                The quantum of power available in the State is met from Central Stations, private generators, Power Exchanges and also from internal sources including stations owned by KSEBL, Independent Power Producers (IPPs), Captive power plants (CPPs), and prosumer. Details are given below:

 

Energy Sources and Quantum Procured in 2021-22

 

 

Power Demand:  

 

Peak demand of the State in 2021-22 was 4,380.04 MW (on March 17, 2022), indicating 2.24 per cent increase from 4,284 MW in 2020-21. Morning peak demand was 3500 MW, Average demand was 3,337.44 MW and average day demand was 2,885.40 MW for 2021-22. The below figure shows the energy requirement and maximum demand for energy during the last five years. 

 

Requirement and Maximum Demand for Energy during the Last Five Years

 

Source: KSEBL

 

 

Generation

 

                  Total installed capacity of power in the State as on March 2022 is 3,145.82 MW, of which, hydel power contributed the major share of 2,136.91 MW (67.92 per cent); while 529.54 MW was contributed by thermal projects (16.83 per cent), 409.09 MW (13 per cent) from solar and 70.28 MW from wind (2.23 per cent).

 

(Appendix 11.2.3) Energy Source in Kerala from 2017-2022 (MW)

 

(Appendix 11.2.4) Total Installed Capacity in Kerala from 2017-2022